Saving Graphs to File
- Don’t use the mouse
- Use
ggsave for ggplot
- Practice by saving the following plot to file:
p <- ggplot(mtcars, aes(hp, wt)) +
geom_point()
ggsave("plot.png", p)
Saving 7 x 7 in image
- Base R way: print plots “to screen”, sandwiched between
pdf()/jpeg()/png()… and dev.off().
- Vector vs. raster: Images are stored on your computer as either vector or raster.
Scales; Colour
Scale functions in ggplot2 take the form scale_[aesthetic]_[mapping]().
Let’s first focus on the following plot:

- Change the y-axis tick mark spacing to 10; change the colour spacing to include all powers of 10.

- Specify
scales::*_format in the labels argument of a scale function to do the following:
- Change the x-axis labels to dollar format (use
scales::dollar_format())
- Change the colour labels to comma format (use
scales::comma_format())

- Use
RColorBrewer to change the colour scheme.
- Notice the three different types of scales: sequential, diverging, and continuous.

- Use
viridis to change the colour to a colour-blind friendly scheme
- Hint: add
scale_colour_viridis_c (c stands for continuous; d discrete).
- You can choose a palette with
option.

Theming
Changing the look of a graphic can be achieved through the theme() layer.
There are “complete themes” that come with ggplot2, my favourite being theme_bw (I’ve grown tired of the default gray background, so theme_bw is refreshing).
- Change the theme of the following plot to
theme_bw():

- Then, change font size of axis labels, and the strip background colour. Others?

Plotly
Consider the following plot:

- Convert it to a
plotly object by applying the ggplotly() function:
- You can save a plotly graph locally as an html file. Try saving the above:
- NOTE: plotly graphs don’t seem to show up in Rmd notebooks, but they do with Rmd documents.
p %>%
ggplotly() %>%
htmlwidgets::saveWidget("LOCATION_GOES_HERE")
- Run this code to see the json format underneath:
ggplotly() %>%
plotly_json()
Error: Package `listviewer` required for `plotly_json`.
Please install and try again.
- Check out code to make a plotly object from scratch using
plot_ly() – scatterplot of gdpPercap vs lifeExp.
- Add population to form a z-axis for a 3D plot:
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